Altai – The Altai Kizhi, Telengits, Teles, and Teleuts are pastoralists of mixed Turkic-Mongolian descent. After the great changes brought by Russian colonization in the 18th century, there arose shamans who, not
Environmentalism – Shamans cannot strictly be identified as environmentalists because, as animists, they are members of a large community of life rather than being surrounded by an impersonal environment or “nature.” However, the common indigenous requirement to be respectful and
Santo Daime – A movement that began in Brazil and spread in various organizations to many other countries during the 1990s. Creatively fusing indigenous Amazonian, African (especially Umbanda), Christian, Spiritism (especially Kardecism),
Santería – A ceremonial and trance or possession complex that evolved from the interaction of African- and European-derived religious traditions in Cuba. It is sometimes called Lucumí after one of the names
Santa Claus – Also known as Father Christmas, St. Nicholas, or Saint Nick. A popular myth asserts that Santa Claus was originally a shaman among reindeer herders and ate fly agaric mushrooms
San Pedro – A cactus (Trichocereus pachanoi) indigenous to the northern Andes in South America, valued by indigenous doctors, curanderos, for inducing vomiting and visions. It is a common source of mescaline,
San – Also known as Bushmen (both terms are problematic). The San are the descendents of the original indigenous inhabitants of Southern Africa. Currently, San communities are focused in the Kalahari Desert,
Samuel, Geoffrey – Australian professor of Tibetan religions, now at Cardiff University in Wales. In addition to important ethnographic discussion of Tibetan shamanism and Tantric Buddhism, Samuel has also proposed a “multimodal
Saladin D’Anglure, Bernard (1936– ) – French-born professor of anthropology at the Université Laval in Canada. Since 1956, Saladin d’Anglure has been particularly interested in the traditional and contemporary lives of the
Sakha – Sakha may refer to peoples known as the Sakha (formerly Yakut) living in the Sakha region (Yakutia) in northeast Siberia; the Sakha language, which belongs to the Turkic family of
Sacred Trust, The – “A United Kingdom–based educational organization concerned with the teaching of practical shamanism for modern women and men,” founded and directed by Simon Buxton and headquartered in Penzance in
Sacred Sites – Marking out particular places—from a small cave containing rock art to an entire landscape—as being special in some way is a consistent aspect of shamanisms. Small-scale sites such as
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