Altai – The Altai Kizhi, Telengits, Teles, and Teleuts are pastoralists of mixed Turkic-Mongolian descent. After the great changes brought by Russian colonization in the 18th century, there arose shamans who, not
Environmentalism – Shamans cannot strictly be identified as environmentalists because, as animists, they are members of a large community of life rather than being surrounded by an impersonal environment or “nature.” However, the common indigenous requirement to be respectful and
Neurotheology – The idea that the impulse behind shamanism and other religions originates in brain chemistry, put forward in Michael Winkelman’s Shamanism: The Neural Ecology of Consciousness and Healing (2000). Winkelman explains
Neuropsychological Model – David Lewis-Williams and Thomas Dowson’s neuropsychological model, set out in their Current Anthropology article “The Signs of All Times: Entoptic Phenomena in Upper Paleolithic Art” (1988), proposes three loosely
Nepal – An ethnically and religiously diverse country bordered by Tibet and India. Hindu, Buddhist, and animist Nepalese may employ shamans or attend shamanic performances for healing or mediation with ancestors and
Neo-Shamanism – Also neo-Shamanism, neoshamanism, new shamanism, whiteshamanism, contemporary shamanism, urban shamanism, Western shamanism. A term applied by scholars to engagement with, application of, or appropriation from indigenous or prehistoric shamanism by
Neolithic – “New Stone Age,” a period assigned in Europe to the development of agriculture or the Agricultural Revolution, although hunter-gatherer activity endured well into the period, and it is misleading to
Neihardt, John (1881–1973) – Poet and writer (Nebraska’s poet laureate for 52 years) who published a version of the biography of Nicholas Black Elk, a Lakota holy man. Brought up on a
Nayaka – A hunter-gatherer community of the forested Gir Valley in the Nilgiri region of South India. Their relational epistemology is discussed in Nurit Bird-David’s article on animism (1999). The centrality of
Nature – One aspect of the common Western perception that indigenous peoples, especially hunter-gatherers, are “close to nature” is that shamans and shamanism provide helpful leads in restoring human respect for the
Native Americans – A significant number of traditional Native American cultures have employed and sometimes continue to employ people who have been labeled “shamans.” Indigenous terms that are sometimes translated as “shaman”
Native American Spirituality – Since there are hundreds of distinct Native American Nations, many containing more than one distinctive traditional religious practice, it should be clear that the phrase “Native American spirituality”
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