Ectoplasm: The Strange Substance Between the Living and the Dead Ectoplasm is one of the most disturbing concepts to emerge from the history of Spiritualism. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth
Drop-In Communicators: The Uninvited Spirits of the Séance Room A drop-in communicator is an apparently unknown entity that unexpectedly enters a séance or mediumistic sitting without having been invited by either the medium or the participants. Unlike the deceased relatives
Pseudopod is an Ectoplasmic extrusion from a Medium that develops into a false hand or arm. The producing of Ectoplasm in a Séance can be accomplished by trickery, and various mediums have
A picture test is a mediumistic test in which a communicator predicts that a sitter will soon come into contact with or in possession of a picture or painting. In many such
A newspaper test is a Mediumistic test in which a discarnate communicator predicts items to appear in as-yet unpublished newspapers. The tests were originated in 1919 by Feda, the spirit Control of
Materialization is the process of forming seemingly solid spirit faces, body parts or complete spirit figures by a Medium during a séance. Full-body materializations once were considered the ultimate feat of physical
John and Katie King : Father and daughter spirit Controls. Probably the busiest spirit of the dead in the history of Spiritualism, John King served as the spirit control for many major
Ideoplasty is a theory in mediumship that suggests the beliefs and expectations of the people participating in a séance (called “sitters” or “experimenters”) can telepathically influence the medium. This influence leads the
A home circle, also known as a home sitting, a home circle is a Séance held in a home, with or without the services of a professional Medium, for the purpose of
Goligher Circle Members of an Irish spiritualist family who formed a Mediumship circle studied by William Jackson Crawford, a lecturer in mechanical engineering at Queens University, Belfast. The Goligher Circle consisted of
A control is a spirit of the dead that acts as a medium’s primary interface with the spirit world. The control allegedly takes over a medium’s body for extended periods during altered
Channelling is a form of Mediumship in which a person allows himself to be taken over by or to receive messages from another personality while in a dissociated state of consciousness or
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