Zos Kia Cultus: Austin Osman Spare’s Sorcery of Desire, Flesh and Absolute Freedom The Zos Kia Cultus is the name generally given to the highly individual magical philosophy developed through the writings,
Agharta: The Hidden Kingdom Beneath the Earth Agharta, also spelled Agartha, Agarttha, Agharti, Asgartha and Arghati, is the legendary underground kingdom said to exist somewhere beneath Central Asia. Depending upon the version, it is described as a vast subterranean civilisation,
The last major Gnostic movement in the western world before the nineteenth century, the Cathars (“pure ones”) or Albigensians (“those from Albi”) emerged in northern Italy and southern France around the middle
A powerful force in the European revolutionary struggles of the early nineteenth century, the Carbonari (“Charcoal Burners”) traced its roots back to southeastern France around the beginning of the French Revolution, where
A feature of American fraternal secret societies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, burlesque degrees were humorous ceremonies enacted for the entertainment of the members, usually at the expense of
Italian revolutionary and secret society leader, 1761–1837. Born at Pisa to an aristocratic family, Buonarroti spent his childhood in patrician circles, serving as a page at the court of the Grand Duke
In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century England and Scotland, ceremonies used to welcome new servants to a household or new apprentices and employees to a business were known as “brotherings.” Customs varied by region
In most traditional secret societies in the western world, candidates for initiation are elected to membership by a secret ballot of current members of the lodge where their application has been received.
Francis Bacon: Philosopher, Statesman and Alleged Secret Society Initiate Francis Bacon was an English philosopher, author, lawyer, statesman and one of the most brilliant minds of the Elizabethan and Jacobean ages. He
French conspirator and secret society leader. Born into a poor family in provincial France, Babeuf (1760–97) worked as a minor functionary in the local government until the Revolution, when he went to
One of the most important theories of comparative religion from the late eighteenth to the early twentieth century, the theory of astronomical religion argued that all religions – or rather, in most
One of the few distinctively American traditions of occultism, the Ascended Masters teachings emerged out of the work of Guy Ballard (1878–1939), author (under the pen name Godfré Ray King) of numerous
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