Fields of the Nephilim – Also known as the Nephilim or Nefilim. British rock band established in 1983 who came to prominence with the gothic subculture of the late 1980s and early
Czaplicka, Maria Antonina – (1886–1921) Polish-born cultural anthropologist best known for her fieldwork among indigenous Siberian communities, published as Aboriginal Siberia (1914). Czaplicka documents Siberian shamanism as a form of “Arctic hysteria”: “To be called a shaman is generally equivalent
Islam – Some varieties of Islam have been labeled shamanic or shamanistic. Ioan Lewis discusses possession cults called Sar or Zar in North and East Africa, and the similar Bori cult in
Inuit – Indigenous communities of the Arctic coasts of Siberia, Alaska, Canada, and Greenland (formerly known as Eskimos), well known for their hunter-fisher lifestyle and documented initially by such ethnographers as Martin
Intrusions – Illnesses are often thought to be caused by the intrusion of artifacts (e.g., darts) or predatory beings into a body. A significant part of a shaman’s role can be doctoring,
International School of Shamanism – A school based in Atlanta that offers individual and group seminars and workshops, consultations, healing, rites of passage, and other services which aim to align an individual’s
Initiation – Shamans are sometimes distinguished from other religious or cultural leaders by a particular style of initiation. In contrast with priests, who are normally educated by other priests in the technical
Ingerman, Sandra – Neo-shamanic practitioner and author. Ingerman’s most well-known book is Soul Retrieval: Mending the Fragmented Self (1991), outlining the practice of soul retrieval as taught by Michael Harner’s Foundation for
Individuation – Under the influence of modernism, the stress on individual, “inner” experience and reality has been significant both in studies of shamanic/altered states of consciousness (including trance and possession) and in
India – Piers Vitebsky argues that “shamanism [in India and widely throughout South and East Asia] is often the religion of earlier, aboriginal tribes” but is never entirely separate from the now
Imaginal – Describing the realm of consciousness or the other world in which shamans journey during altered states of consciousness, according to Jungian psychologists. The term was applied to shamanisms and neo-shamanisms
Illnesses – Among many animist communities, illnesses may be considered to be other-than-human persons or spirits in their own right. Elsewhere they may be caused by the actions of sorcerers, witches, or
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