Altai – The Altai Kizhi, Telengits, Teles, and Teleuts are pastoralists of mixed Turkic-Mongolian descent. After the great changes brought by Russian colonization in the 18th century, there arose shamans who, not
Environmentalism – Shamans cannot strictly be identified as environmentalists because, as animists, they are members of a large community of life rather than being surrounded by an impersonal environment or “nature.” However, the common indigenous requirement to be respectful and
Horwitz, Jonathan – Neo-shamanic practitioner who founded the Scandinavian Center for Shamanic Studies in 1986, and with Annette Høst offers such basic and advanced workshops as “The Shaman’s Journey,” “Shamanic Counselling Training,”
Hoppál, Mihály – Hungarian ethnographer with wide interests in the shamanisms of Eurasia, particularly those of Siberia and Hungary. In addition to important ethnographic publications, Hoppál has surveyed ethnographic films about shamans
Holy People – A term for religious leaders among many Native American nations, who may be comparable with shamans elsewhere. Medicine people is a similar term, emphasizing the healing abilities and sacred
Hoffman, Albert (1906– ) – Swiss chemist who synthesized the hallucinogen LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide), a chemical derived from the ergot fungus he had been working on in order to develop new
Hmong – Southeast Asian people originating in Laos; many now live in North America. Traditionally an animist culture, the Hmong employ shamans as healers and mediators in disruptive situations. Illnesses and other
Heusch, Luc de (1927– ) – Professor of anthropology at the Free University of Brussels, Belgium. Following Mircea Eliade’s categorical distinction between shamanism as “mastery of spirits” and possession as “being controlled
Helpers – Shamans are often marginal figures, but they are rarely solitary. In some cultures, they are aided by apprentice shamans or by other types of ritualists. Where trance is a significant
Heinz, Ruth-Inge – Scholar of comparative religion and psychological anthropology and a research associate at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley. Heinz authored the volume Shamans of the
Heathens – At the time of conversion to Christianity in Iceland, the terms kristni and hedhni made a simple distinction between Christendom and Heathenry, the latter meaning “people of the heath,” referring
Healing – Among the most significant duties performed by shamans are concerned with healing clients from illnesses. Sometimes illnesses are understood to be otherworld persons aggressively assaulting humans, either because they are
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