Altai – The Altai Kizhi, Telengits, Teles, and Teleuts are pastoralists of mixed Turkic-Mongolian descent. After the great changes brought by Russian colonization in the 18th century, there arose shamans who, not
Environmentalism – Shamans cannot strictly be identified as environmentalists because, as animists, they are members of a large community of life rather than being surrounded by an impersonal environment or “nature.” However, the common indigenous requirement to be respectful and
Core shamanism – Term used by Michael Harner and colleagues, including Sandra Ingerman, at the Foundation for Shamanic Studies to define the key features of shamanism, specifically the journey to other worlds
Conibo – A people of the Peruvian Upper Amazon. Interest in Conibo culture and shamanism is largely dominated by interest in their use of ayahuasca or yagé. Halfway through the year Michael
Comfa – In the interaction between indigenous-, African-, European-, and Asian-derived religious traditions in Guyana, Comfa evolved as a possession and ceremonial complex in which protection, problem solving, and healing may be
Combat – A major role of many shamans is to defend their communities from enemy shamans, witches, or sorcerers, as well as predatory or aggressive other-than-human persons or spirits. The ability to
Coates, Marcus – British artist whose work explores the interface between what it is to be human vis-à-vis “nature,” particularly through video installations. In Journey to the Lower World (2005), Coates made
Clifton, Chas S. (1951– ) – A lecturer in English at Colorado State University, Pueblo, with particular interests in nature writing, Clifton is the editor of a series of books about contemporary
Clever People – A term used with reference to knowledgeable and skilled Aboriginal Australian elders, healers, and ritual leaders. Thus, it is equivalent to “shamans” in some cultures and to “medicine people”
Clans – Ioan Lewis states that “shamanism is tied to the Tungus [Evenk] clan structure of which, indeed, it is an essential component,” thereby situating shamans in their communities and social contexts
Circle of the Sacred Earth – An organization founded by Roy Bauer in the United States, describing itself as a “church of animism fostering shamanic principles and practices.” Alongside “shamanic healing, counseling,
Churchill, Ward (1947– ) – A Creek/Cherokee Métis (part Native American) and professor of ethnic studies at the University of Colorado. A prolific author about Native American issues, especially in relation to
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