Altai – The Altai Kizhi, Telengits, Teles, and Teleuts are pastoralists of mixed Turkic-Mongolian descent. After the great changes brought by Russian colonization in the 18th century, there arose shamans who, not
Environmentalism – Shamans cannot strictly be identified as environmentalists because, as animists, they are members of a large community of life rather than being surrounded by an impersonal environment or “nature.” However, the common indigenous requirement to be respectful and
Christianity – Claims that the founders of Christianity—Jesus Christ and his disciples—were shamans have been made on the basis of the prevalence of healing and exorcism in the Bible. John Allegro’s claim
China – The history of shamanism in this large Asian country illustrates the variety of possible relationships between shamans and other religious, cultural, and political leaders and movements. The Chinese character wu
Chewong – An indigenous hunter-gatherer and swidden agriculturalist people of the tropical rain forest of peninsular Malaysia, whose animist cosmology and way of life is discussed by Signe Howell in a number
Chanting – A large proportion of the ritual repertoire and performance of shamans in many cultures involves chanting. Both as ritualists leading ceremonies for their communities and as healers conducting healing rituals,
Napoléon Chagnon (1938–2019 ) Professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, best known for his writings about the Yanomamo of Amazonia. Chagnon’s discussion of Yanomamo shamans (or “shamanizers,”
Central Europe – Forms of shamanism among peoples ethnically and culturally related to those of Central Asia have been the subject of significant research by Vilmos Diószegi and Mihály Hoppál. Both have
Central Asia – Indigenous shamanisms, Buddhism, and Islam meet in this vast landlocked region, and considerable interaction has resulted in many creative fusions and cultural evolutions. Traditionally, the Uzbeks and Tajiks were
Central America – This region, stretching from Mexico to the northwest of Costa Rica, is home to many pre-Hispanic indigenous cultures, including the Olmec, Aztec, and Maya, as well as their Amerindian
Center for Spirit – An organization, headquartered in Oakland, California, of Native American people dedicated to the preservation and revitalization of American Indian sacred traditions and spiritual practices (SPIRIT is an acronym
Celts – Prehistoric Indo-European Iron Age tribes that lived in preRoman northwest Europe and colonized Europe west of the Danube from around 1000 BCE; also, speakers of ancient and modern Celtic languages,
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