Altai – The Altai Kizhi, Telengits, Teles, and Teleuts are pastoralists of mixed Turkic-Mongolian descent. After the great changes brought by Russian colonization in the 18th century, there arose shamans who, not
Environmentalism – Shamans cannot strictly be identified as environmentalists because, as animists, they are members of a large community of life rather than being surrounded by an impersonal environment or “nature.” However, the common indigenous requirement to be respectful and
Third Gender – Marie Czaplicka, Marjorie Balzer, and Bernard Saladin d’Anglure demonstrate the importance of broadening the notion of gender to include not only male and female but also various mediating positions
Theriomorphism – In animist contexts in which the ability to transform is understood to be a defining characteristic of persons, or specifically of powerful persons, the ability of some humans to transform
Therapy – If therapy is understood broadly as equivalent to healing, the term is certainly applicable to much of what shamans do. This is illustrated in the common preference for terms related
Tedlock, Barbara and Dennis – Barbara Tedlock is professor of anthropology at the State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, a researcher among Guatemalan Maya, and the author of articles and books
Techno-Shamans – The rise of “acid-house” rave parties, “techno” electronic music with repetitive and monotonous beats, and the use of the drug ecstasy (MDMA) in the late 1980s and early 1990s have
Taussig, Michael – Professor of anthropology at Columbia University. Taussig’s book Shamanism, Colonialism, and the Wild Man: A Study of Terror and Healing (1987) provides the foremost consideration of the work of
Tart, Charles T. (1937– ) – Professor and core faculty member of the Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, Palo Alto, California. Tart is internationally known for his psychological work on the nature of
Taboo (tabu; tapu) – All cultures distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate behaviors. Rules govern the ways in which people should or should not engage with others and with places, times, objects, and
Sweat Lodges – Many Native American nations make use of a ritual complex in which people enter a heated confined space in order to seek purification. The ceremony itself involves communication with
Sun Bear – Among the most well-known Native American medicine people who have been willing, indeed eager, to teach non-Native people about their practices and worldview. In response to his condemnation (by
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