In the sixteenth century, Portugal was the first nation to deport Gypsies (Roma), first to its colonies in Africa and then to Brazil. Maria de Padilla traveled with them. (SEE ALSO: Maria
Pretos Velhos literally means “Old Blacks.” Pretos Velhos are a category of spirits central to the Umbanda spiritual tradition and also venerated by independent practitioners. Pretos Velhos are souls of deceased Brazilian slaves. They tend to be elderly, wise, gentle,
In the early twentieth century, conventional medical treatment failed to heal the paralysis suffered by a young man from Rio de Janeiro named Zélio de Morais. His father, seeking spiritual solutions, brought
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