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Living Treasures Award – The Foundation for Shamanic Studies (FSS) makes this award to “exceptionally distinguished” indigenous shamans “where their age-old knowledge of shamanism and shamanic healing is in danger of extinction.”

Lindquist, Galina – Swedish anthropologist whose important fieldwork on neo-shamanisms in Sweden (1992–95) resulted in a doctoral thesis published as Shamanic Performance on the Urban Scene: Neo-Shamanism in Contemporary Sweden (1997). Lindquist

Lewis-Williams, J. David – South African rock art researcher who proposed a shamanistic interpretation (also known as the “trance hypothesis”) to some of this diverse imagery. Attending to the similarities between the

Lewis, Ioan M. (1930– ) – Professor emeritus of anthropology at the London School of Economics and author of Ecstatic Religion: A Study of Shamanism and Spirit Possession (1971). His wide-ranging research

Letcher, Andy (1968– ) British scholar of religion whose work has focused on the role of the bard in contemporary Paganism and entheogenic neo-shamanism. His research on the latter, Shroom: A Cultural

Leary, Timothy (1920–1996) – Clinical psychologist and counterculture drug guru. With a Ph.D. in clinical psychology, Leary founded the Harvard Center for Research in Personality in 1958. After eating a number of

John Lame Deer, (Fire) (1900 or 1903–1976) – Oglala Lakota wichasha wakan, holy man or medicine man, who also earned a living as, among other things, a rancher, rodeo rider, and reservation

Lakota – Indigenous nation originating in and around the Great Plains of the center of North America. Their holy people serve as repositories of knowledge, ceremonial leaders, healers, and mediators with significant

La Barre, R. Weston (1911–1996) – American anthropologist and ethnologist best known for his studies of peyotism among Native Americans, particularly the Kiowa and the Native American Church in the 1930s and

Krippner, Stanley – Professor of psychology and director of the Center for Consciousness Studies at the Saybrook Graduate School, San Francisco, and past president of the Association for Humanistic Psychology, the American