Kanaimà – The predominant form of dark shamanism in Amazonia. Neil Whitehead defines it as “assault sorcery,” which involves the “mutilation and lingering death of its victims.” Not only is an understanding
Kalweit, Holger – German ethnologist and psychologist who has studied shamanism in Hawaii, the North American Southwest, Mexico, and Tibet. Kalweit is the author of several books in German, as well as
Jung, Carl G. (1875–1961) – Swiss founder of psychotherapy. Jung’s ideas and techniques have had considerable influence on neoshamans, including their explicit use of visualization and common stress on individuation. Jung has
Judaism – This religion is rarely perceived to have shamanic elements, although those who confuse mysticism and shamanism may consider the Kabbalah to be shamanic. Ecstatic visionary journeys to Judaism’s equivalent of
Journeying – Spirit journeying, soul flight, or ecstasy are often taken to be essential and even definitive features of shamanisms. Neo-shamans, particularly practitioners of the core shamanism proposed by Michael Harner and
Leslie Ellen Jones – In her volume Druid, Shaman, Priest (1998), Jones discusses the Celtic Druid as a shaman, not only examining ancient evidence but also critically engaging with neoshamanic manifestations of
Paul C. Johnson – Visiting associate professor in history at the Center for Afroamerican and African Studies and Latin American and Caribbean Studies at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Johnson is
Merete Demant Jakobsen- Jakobsen’s volume Shamanism: Traditional and Contemporary Approaches to the Mastery of Spirits and Healing (1999) reviews previous work on the Greenlandic angakkoq and contrasts this with neo-shamanic practices. While
Jaguars – A number of Amazonian peoples identify shamans as jaguars. Usually this is stated strongly (“shamans are jaguars”), not metaphorically (“shamans are like jaguars”). Western interpreters seem to find it difficult
Islam – Some varieties of Islam have been labeled shamanic or shamanistic. Ioan Lewis discusses possession cults called Sar or Zar in North and East Africa, and the similar Bori cult in
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