Lux Ferre

Mastery of Spirits – Shamans are sometimes distinguished from other religious or cultural leaders by their ability to control or master spirits or other other-than-human persons. For example, it may be the

Master or Mistress of Animals – Shamans in many cultures are required to mediate between their community and the powerful other-than-human persons who control the existence and movements of animals. Offenses against

Mapuche – A Chilean indigenous people among whom the revitalization of shamanism was a significant part of the cultural resurgence and political activism that resisted and critiqued the oppressive Chilean regime in

Malaysia – Shamans in Malaysia (called bomoh, pawing, or dukun in various languages), heal illnesses by exorcism or by dealing with the other world, other-than-human persons, or spirits who inflict problems or

MacLellan, Gordon (“The Toad”) – British environmental educator and performer who runs Creeping Toad Education, Training and Workshops with the mission of helping people “discover their own ways of valuing the ‘specialness’

Locus Classicus – Apurist approach identifies Siberia as the classic example of shamanism, since this is where the term shaman originates, among the Evenk. Some scholars include the Arctic as part of

Living Treasures Award – The Foundation for Shamanic Studies (FSS) makes this award to “exceptionally distinguished” indigenous shamans “where their age-old knowledge of shamanism and shamanic healing is in danger of extinction.”

Lindquist, Galina – Swedish anthropologist whose important fieldwork on neo-shamanisms in Sweden (1992–95) resulted in a doctoral thesis published as Shamanic Performance on the Urban Scene: Neo-Shamanism in Contemporary Sweden (1997). Lindquist

Lewis-Williams, J. David – South African rock art researcher who proposed a shamanistic interpretation (also known as the “trance hypothesis”) to some of this diverse imagery. Attending to the similarities between the

Lewis, Ioan M. (1930– ) – Professor emeritus of anthropology at the London School of Economics and author of Ecstatic Religion: A Study of Shamanism and Spirit Possession (1971). His wide-ranging research