Lux Ferre

Ingerman, Sandra – Neo-shamanic practitioner and author. Ingerman’s most well-known book is Soul Retrieval: Mending the Fragmented Self (1991), outlining the practice of soul retrieval as taught by Michael Harner’s Foundation for

Individuation – Under the influence of modernism, the stress on individual, “inner” experience and reality has been significant both in studies of shamanic/altered states of consciousness (including trance and possession) and in

India – Piers Vitebsky argues that “shamanism [in India and widely throughout South and East Asia] is often the religion of earlier, aboriginal tribes” but is never entirely separate from the now

Imaginal – Describing the realm of consciousness or the other world in which shamans journey during altered states of consciousness, according to Jungian psychologists. The term was applied to shamanisms and neo-shamanisms

Illnesses – Among many animist communities, illnesses may be considered to be other-than-human persons or spirits in their own right. Elsewhere they may be caused by the actions of sorcerers, witches, or

Iboga – Tabernanthe iboga, or simply iboga, is a common shrub in parts of West Africa that contains the active entheogenic constituent indole alkaloid ibogane. There are numerous Bwiti sects that fuse

Aldous Leonard Huxley, (1894–1963) – English author, poet, and philosopher, perhaps most famous for his utopian novel Brave New World (1932b) and such important nonfiction as The Art of Seeing (1932a), The

Hutton, Ronald – Professor of history at Bristol University in England. Hutton has written a critical history of British paganism (The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy,

Hunting Magic – The notion that shamans believe they can control game via magical means and so ensure a successful hunt. The concept tends to signify stupidity and/or superstitious belief in magic

Hunter-Gatherers – A lifeway employed by the majority of indigenous peoples, especially shamanic communities, involving the hunting of such game as deer, fish, and whales and the gathering of shellfish, fruit, honey,