Lux Ferre

Spirits – A term that commonly appears in ethnographic and religious discourse but remains of uncertain and/or misleading reference. Not only does it translate a wide range of terms for entirely different

Spare, Austin Osman (1887–1956) – Artist and occultist who was born and lived in London. His automatic drawing, esoteric system of “atavistic resurgence,” and other trance-derived techniques such as the “death posture”

Space Aliens – Parallels are sometimes found between narratives of shamanic initiation and those of alien abduction. UFOs may also be found in the colourful, ayahuasca-inspired visionary art of exvegetalista Pablo Amaringo.

Southern Africa – Application of the term shaman in this vast region of Africa (ranging from desert and semiarid areas to rain forest and temperate zones and comprising the countries of Angola,

South and East Asia – Piers Vitebsky illustrates the wide variety of practices that might be called “shamanism” in this religiously, geographically, ethnically, and politically diverse region. He notes that in Nepal

South America – Many of the most significant developments in the study of shamanism in recent decades have come from those interested in Amazonia. Similarly, the influence of South American shamanism on

Soul Retrieval – In a number of shamanic traditions, illness is understood to have supernatural causes, including soul loss, the stealing of a soul by spirits. It is the task of the

Soul Projection Ioan Lewis formulated this term, equivalent to “journeying,” to describe an aspect of the work of shamans in combating possession by powerful other-than-human persons or spirits. SOURCE: Historical Dictionary of

Soul Loss – Among people who understand that human and otherthanhuman persons may have one or more souls, there is a common understanding that all or part of a soul may become

Soul – Many cultures posit the existence of various parts that make up a person (human or other-than-human). In addition to possessing arms and noses, or branches and trunks, or fins and