GRAND LOGE ALPINA
The Swiss Grand Lodge of Freemasonry, the Grand Loge Alpina (“Alpine Grand Lodge”) was founded in 1844 by the fusion of two earlier Grand Lodges…
Author: Lux Ferre
GRAND LODGE
In Freemasonry and most other fraternal secret societies, the organization that charters and supervises local lodges. The first grand lodge was created in 1717 by…
GERMANENORDEN
A core element of the underground of racist secret societies that laid the foundations for the Nazi party, the Germanenorden (“Order of Germans”) was founded…
FUNDAMENTALISM
The word “fundamentalism” has been applied in recent years to religious extremists around the world. Properly speaking, though, it refers to an offshoot of Christianity…
FRENCH REVOLUTION
The revolution of 1789–93 that toppled the Bourbon monarchy of France and set up continental Europe’s first democratic government became the crucible of modern conspiracy…
ORIGINS OF FREEMASONRY
As the most influential secret society in the modern Western world, Freemasonry has attracted a torrent of speculation from Masons and non-Masons alike, and inevitably…
FRATERNITAS ROSICRUCIANA ANTIQUA [FRA]
The most influential Rosicrucian order in Latin America, the Fraternitas Rosicruciana Antiqua (FRA) was founded in Mexico in 1927 by Arnoldo Krumm-Heller (1876–1949), a German…
FRATERNITAS ROSAE CRUCIS [FRC]
One of the major American Rosicrucian groups of the early twentieth century, the Fraternitas Rosae Crucis (Fraternity of the Rosy Cross) was the creation of…
FRATERNAL ORDERS
A common term for those secret societies that pursue social and charitable aims, such as the Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Elks, and Eagles. Freemasonry…
FRATERNAL ORDER OF EAGLES [FOE]
Of the fraternal secret societies of late nineteenth century, few have a more colourful origin than the Fraternal Order of Eagles. In the winter of…
