Lux Ferre

Amazonia – The many indigenous peoples of Amazonia (a vast area of South America drained by the Amazon River, including its highland watersheds) traditionally employ and/or fear shamans. A common theme in

Pablo Amaringo, (1938 or 1943– ) – Peruvian Amazonian former vegetalista whose paintings of “ayahuasca visions” were published in a book (1991) he co-authored with Luis Luna (who had met Amaringo during

Altered States of Consciousness (ASC) – Shamans are sometimes distinguished from other religious or cultural leaders by their ability to deliberately enter distinctive states of consciousness. While these states are sometimes labeled

Altai – The Altai Kizhi, Telengits, Teles, and Teleuts are pastoralists of mixed Turkic-Mongolian descent. After the great changes brought by Russian colonization in the 18th century, there arose shamans who, not

Alleluia Shamanism – An evolution of Amazonian shamanism (particularly in the eastern highlands) influenced by Christian missionary discourse (e.g., prophetic promises of a new life, a path to creative powers or “God,”

Ainu – The largest indigenous population of Japan, descending from ancestors who migrated there around 10,000 years ago. The Ainu mainly live in the northern islands of what is now Japan, especially

Adjusted Styles of Communication (ASC) – In contrast with the common claim that shamanism is fundamentally a matter of achieving, controlling, and utilizing altered states of consciousness (also ASC), it may be

David Abram (1957– ) American cultural ecologist and magician, a proponent of animism who argues that Western modernity is a form of willful disconnection from the sensuous realities of the body and