The Devil Within: Possession and Exorcism in the Christian West – Brian Levack
In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the era of the Reformation, thousands of Europeans were thought to be possessed by demons. In response to their horrifying symptomsâviolent convulsions, displays of preternatural strength, vomiting of foreign objects, displaying contempt for sacred objects, and othersâexorcists were summoned to expel the evil spirits from victimsâ bodies. This compelling book focuses on possession and exorcism in the Reformation period, but also reaches back to the fifteenth century and forward to our own times.
Entire convents of nuns in French, Italian, and Spanish towns, 30 boys in an Amsterdam orphanage, a small group of young girls in Salem, Massachusettsâthese are among the instances of demon possession in the United States and throughout Europe that Brian Levack closely examines, taking into account the diverse interpretations of generations of theologians, biblical scholars, pastors, physicians, anthropologists, psychiatrists, and historians. Challenging the commonly held belief that possession signals physical or mental illness, the author argues that demoniacs and exorcistsâconsciously or notâare following their various religious cultures, and their performances can only be understood in those contexts.
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